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Army Medical Corps: Two Hundred Forty Years of Fortitude

Exclusive: "It's the profession which takes precedence over the salary": Lt Gen BN Shahi
AFMC: Mastering Medicine
R&R Hospital: Better Than The Best
Caring Blues
Sailing for Health
Soldiers with Red Hats
IMA: Popped in Service
Pulsing for Peace
Greens' Bye to Red Fort
Reconstructing Caribou: A Heritage Rebuilt
Horse Power
Presidents Standard to 86 Armoured Regiment
From the File
Armed Force Panorama
   
 
   

 

 

 

Soldiers with Red Hats

 
 

The role of 60 Indian Field Ambulance Unit in extending care to the sick and wounded during Korean War (1950-54) is cherished by the Army Medical Corps even today. It was the first Indian unit which represented India in multinational UN Forces. The unit which arrived from India in November 1950 spent two-and-a-half years in Korea to take care of the battle casualties. The unit comprised 17 officers, 10 JCOs and 304 ORs. In addition to extending medicare to the casualties of war, Army Medical Corps officers and men trained hundred of doctors and specialists for the Korean army and civil hospitals. They provided food and shelter to a number of refugees.

The Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers and the Commander-in-Chief of the United States Forces in the Far East, Gen Ridgeway, commended the unit for the splendid job it performed. The General’s admiration for the Indian Ambulance Unit was a result of its airborne medical work at the front. Complying to the request of the United States Forces, the unit members, within no time, descended on the battle area by parachutes and attended the casualties. Not only did they treat serious cases, they promptly conducted major operations in the field itself. Thus, the AMC personnel saved the lives of many a critically wounded troop. The United Nations observed that if the Indian Armed Forces are thrown into action to fulfill the aims of UNO, they would surely prove their high combat qualities.

Members of the Indian unit who were armed with automatic weapons for self-protection also extended help to the British Commonwealth Forces fighting in Korea. When Indian journalists visited Commonwealth camps and billets, they were invariably told : What good guys are your medical Johnies! Many Commonwealth officers and men who received treatment at the dressing stations of the unit felt as if they were receiving attention at a hospital back home. They felt that India had sent a top class medical unit which knew its job thoroughly.

The Indian Unit was attached to the 27th Brigade of the British Commonwealth Forces. The forward base of the unit also included an advance dressing station. The base was under the command of Lt Col Ranga Raj. The hospital at the forward base was equipped with a first-class operation theatre. In its outdoor section, not only military personnel but also Korean civilians were treated. British, Australian, New Zealander, Canadian, American and South Korean soldiers were looked after at the forward base hospital.

In Seoul, which virtually became a dead city because of war, a small hospital with one Indian captain and two men was set up. The rear supply to the Indian unit was maintained at Pusan, the wartime capital of the South Korean government. A six-member team was in charge of it. The supplies first came to Kure in Japan from where they were brought to Pusan. From Pusan, they were sent to different posts in South Korea. The main base of the Indian Unit was located in the vicinity of the US 8th Army Headquarters in South Korea.

Capt Ashok Banerji, serving in the Indian unit, won Vir Chakra for his distinguished services in Korea. With his "calmness, courage and devotion to duty" he saved many lives. On October 6, 1951, he had to treat and evacuate more than 150 casualties.Though his casualty clearing post in Marvag San was often under fire, he discharged his duties without caring for his own safety.The officials from UN and other countries were amazed at the way the unit personnel treated the casualties withstanding the shelling from the enemy.

The Indian Ambulance Unit accompanied the advances made by the UN and Commonwealth troops on communist-held territory. In Korea, the Indian officers and men were called "the soldiers with red hats". This was because of their red berets and turbans, which distinguished them as members of a parachute unit.

At Pyongyang, the Indians faced problem in getting their equipment away safely southwards. There was no transport available. There was a locomotive and some trucks but there was no coal. As the Lieutenant Colonel explained a few days later, "Our equipment is first class stuff, very valuable and specially designed for airborne operations. Because of this, it is highly suitable for work in mountainous terrain such as we have here in Korea. We would have been of little use without it and we could not afford to lose it." Under the Commanding Officer’s direction, Capt Basu of Calcutta and Jemadar Sharma of Almora carried water to fill the engine’s boilers and others cut wood to fire it.

The 16th Indian Field Ambulance Unit, serving the UN Force in Korea also received unit citation for its "devotion and excellent performance" from Brig General Cornelius Ryan of the US Army.

Britain’s Director General of Military Training, Lt Gen Sir Richard Gale said "I was immensely struck by their efficiency. That small unit, adapted for an airborne role, has carried out 103 operations, which is quite abnormal for that type of unit. Probably fifty of those operated owed their lives to these men".

Most noteworthy was the landing by Indian medical men behind the communist lines. A team of twelve from the Indian Field Ambulance Corps carried special lightweight equipment and supplies to enable them carry out major operations in the field. The Indians dropped along with American paratroopers 20 miles behind the communist lines near Imjin river in Korea.

For its distinguished services, 60 Para Field Ambulance Unit received unit citation from Gen Douglas Mac Arthur. In 1976, the Republic of Korea erected monuments at Taejungdae, Yongdoku and Busan in commemoration of the participation of five nations (Denmark, India, Italy, Norway and Sweden) in Korean war. At home, the unit received two Maha Vir Chakra, one Bar to Vir Chakra, six Vir Chakra and 20 Mention-in-Dispatches. The unit returned to India in February 1954.