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Soldiers
with Red Hats
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The
role of 60 Indian Field Ambulance Unit in extending care to the sick and
wounded during Korean War (1950-54) is cherished by the Army Medical Corps
even today. It was the first Indian unit which represented India in
multinational UN Forces. The unit which arrived from India in November
1950 spent two-and-a-half years in Korea to take care of the battle
casualties. The unit comprised 17 officers, 10 JCOs and 304 ORs.
In addition to
extending medicare to the casualties of war, Army Medical Corps officers
and men trained hundred of doctors and specialists for the Korean army and
civil hospitals. They provided food and shelter to a number of refugees.
The
Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers and the Commander-in-Chief of the
United States Forces in the Far East, Gen Ridgeway, commended the unit for
the splendid job it performed. The General’s admiration for the Indian
Ambulance Unit was a result of its airborne medical work at the front.
Complying to the request of the United States Forces, the unit members,
within no time, descended on the battle area by parachutes and attended
the casualties. Not only did they treat serious cases, they promptly
conducted major operations in the field itself. Thus, the AMC personnel
saved the lives of many a critically wounded troop. The United Nations
observed that if the Indian Armed Forces are thrown into action to fulfill
the aims of UNO, they would surely prove their high combat qualities.
Members
of the Indian unit who were armed with automatic weapons for
self-protection also extended help to the British Commonwealth Forces
fighting in Korea. When Indian journalists visited Commonwealth camps and
billets, they were invariably told : What good guys are your
medical Johnies! Many Commonwealth officers and men who received
treatment at the dressing stations of the unit felt as if they were
receiving attention at a hospital back home. They felt that India had sent
a top class medical unit which knew its job thoroughly.
The Indian Unit was attached to the 27 th
Brigade of the British Commonwealth Forces. The forward base of the unit
also included an advance dressing station. The base was under the command
of Lt Col Ranga Raj. The hospital at the forward base was equipped with a
first-class operation theatre. In its outdoor section, not only military
personnel but also Korean civilians were treated. British, Australian, New
Zealander, Canadian, American and South Korean soldiers were looked after
at the forward base hospital.
In Seoul, which virtually became a dead city because of
war, a small hospital with one Indian captain and two men was set up. The
rear supply to the Indian unit was maintained at Pusan, the wartime
capital of the South Korean government. A six-member team was in charge of
it. The supplies first came to Kure in Japan from where they were brought
to Pusan. From Pusan, they were sent to different posts in South Korea.
The main base of the Indian Unit was located in the vicinity of the US 8 th
Army Headquarters in South Korea.
Capt Ashok Banerji, serving in the Indian unit, won Vir
Chakra for his distinguished services in Korea. With his
"calmness, courage and devotion to duty" he saved many lives. On
October 6, 1951, he had to treat and evacuate more than 150
casualties.Though his casualty clearing post in Marvag San was often under
fire, he discharged his duties without caring for his own safety.The
officials from UN and other countries were amazed at the way the unit
personnel treated the casualties withstanding the shelling from the enemy.
The Indian Ambulance Unit accompanied the advances made
by the UN and Commonwealth troops on communist-held territory. In Korea,
the Indian officers and men were called "the soldiers with red
hats". This was because of their red berets and turbans, which
distinguished them as members of a parachute unit.
At Pyongyang, the Indians faced problem in getting
their equipment away safely southwards. There was no transport available.
There was a locomotive and some trucks but there was no coal. As the
Lieutenant Colonel explained a few days later, "Our equipment is
first class stuff, very valuable and specially designed for airborne
operations. Because of this, it is highly suitable for work in mountainous
terrain such as we have here in Korea. We would have been of little use
without it and we could not afford to lose it." Under the Commanding
Officer’s direction, Capt Basu of Calcutta and Jemadar Sharma of Almora
carried water to fill the engine’s boilers and others cut wood to fire
it.
The 16 th
Indian Field Ambulance Unit, serving the UN Force in Korea also received
unit citation for its "devotion and excellent performance" from
Brig General Cornelius Ryan of the US Army.
Britain’s Director General of Military Training, Lt
Gen Sir Richard Gale said "I was immensely struck by their
efficiency. That small unit, adapted for an airborne role, has carried out
103 operations, which is quite abnormal for that type of unit. Probably
fifty of those operated owed their lives to these men".
Most noteworthy was the landing by Indian medical men
behind the communist lines. A team of twelve from the Indian Field
Ambulance Corps carried special lightweight equipment and supplies to
enable them carry out major operations in the field. The Indians dropped
along with American paratroopers 20 miles behind the communist lines near
Imjin river in Korea.
For its distinguished services, 60 Para Field Ambulance
Unit received unit citation from Gen Douglas Mac Arthur. In 1976, the
Republic of Korea erected monuments at Taejungdae, Yongdoku and Busan in
commemoration of the participation of five nations (Denmark, India, Italy,
Norway and Sweden) in Korean war. At
home, the unit received two Maha Vir Chakra, one Bar to Vir
Chakra, six Vir Chakra and 20 Mention-in-Dispatches. The unit
returned to India in February 1954.
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